게시자 주: 본글의 인터넷 주소,
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/soh/2000.htm 에 접속하면, 본글 중에서 제시되고 있는 출처 문헌들을 쉽게 확인할 수 있습니다. 그리고 다음의 인터넷 주소,
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/q&a.htm 에 접속하면, 본글의 제목이 포함된,
"가톨릭 신앙생활 Q&A 코너" 제공의 모든 게시글들의 제목들의 목록을 가질 수 있습니다. 또한
(i) 2006년 12월 16일에 개시(開始)하여 제공 중인 미국 천주교 주교회의/중앙협의회 홈페이지 제공의 날마다
영어 매일미사 중의 독서들 듣고 보기, 그리고
(ii) 신뢰할 수 있는 가톨릭 라틴어/프랑스어/영어 문서들 등은, 다음의 주소들에 접속하면, 손쉽게 접근할 수 있습니다:
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/ (
PC용, 날마다 자동으로 듣고 봄) [주:
즐겨찾기에 추가하십시오];
http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/m (
스마트폰용) [주: 네이버 혹은 구글 검색창 위에 있는 인터넷 주소창에 이 주소 입력 후 꼭
북마크 하십시오]
1. 들어가면서
우선적으로, 위의 제목에서 말씀드린 축일들 등은, 레위기 제23장 등에 기술되어 있는데, 이들에 대한 성경 본문들은, 예를 들어, 가톨릭 교회의 전례력에 있어, 홀수해 연중 제17주간 금요일 제1독서(레위 23,1-11,15-16.27.34b-37) 에 발췌되어 봉독됩니다.
2.
2-1. 다음의 주소에 접속하면, 가톨릭 교회의 전례력에 있어, 위의 제목에서 말씀드린 정보를 제공하는, RSV(Revised Standard Version)에서 발췌된 홀수해 연중 제17주간 금요일 제1독서(레위 23,1-11,15-16.27.34b-37) 및 이 제1독서에 대한 나바르 성경 주석서의 해설을 읽을 수 있습니다:
출처: http://ch.catholic.or.kr/pundang/4/navarre/ot_17_fri.htm <----- 필독 권고
(발췌 시작)
(I) 1st Reading: Leviticus 23:1, 4-11, 15-16, 27,
34b-37
Celebration of the
Sabbath
안식일의 경축
---------------------------------------
[1] The Lord said
to Moses, [4] "These are the appointed feasts of the Lord, the
holy
convocations, which you shall proclaim at the time appointed for
them."
Celebration of the Passover and the Feast of
the Unleavened
Bread
파스카와 무교절의 경축
---------------------------------------------------------------------
[5]
"In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month in the evening, is
the
Lord's passover. [6] And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the
feast of
unleavened bread to the Lord; seven days you shall eat unleavened
bread. [7]
0n the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do
no laborious
work. [8] But you shall present an offering by fire to the Lord
seven days; on
the seventh day is a holy convocation; you shall do no
laborious work."
Celebration of the First
Fruits
맏물들의 경축
------------------------------------------
[9] And the Lord
said to Moses, [10] "Say to the people of Israel, When you
come into the land
which I give you and reap its harvest, you shall bring the
sheaf of the first
fruits of your harvest to the priest; [11] and he shall wave the
sheaf before
the Lord, that you may find acceptance; on the morrow after the
sabbath the
priest shall wave it."
Celebration of the Feast of
Weeks
오순절의 경축
--------------------------------------------------
[15] "And
you shall count from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that
you
brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven full weeks shall they be,
[16]
counting fifty days to the morrow after the seventh sabbath; then you
shall pre-
sent a cereal offering of new grain to the Lord."
Celebration of the Day of
Atonement
속죄의 날의 경축
-----------------------------------------------------
[27]
"On the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement; it shall
be
for you a time of holy convocation, and you shall afflict yourselves and
present
an offering by fire to the Lord."
Celebration of the Feast of
Tabernacles
초막절의 경축
---------------------------------------------------------
[34b]
"On the fifteenth day of this seventh month and for seven days is the
feast
of booths to the Lord. [35] On the first day shall be a holy
convocation; you shall
do no laborious work. [36] Seven days you shall
present offerings by fire to the
Lord; on the eighth day you shall hold a
holy convocation and present an offering
by fire to the LORD; it is a solemn
assembly; you shall do no laborious work."
[37] "These are the appointed
feasts of the Lord, which you shall proclaim as
times of holy convocation,
for presenting to the Lord offerings by fire, burnt offe-
rings and cereal
offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its proper
day."
**********************************************************************************
Commentary:
23:1-4. Some of the feats mentioned in
this calendar are also to be found in
other books (cf. Ex 23:14-19; 34:18-26;
Deut 16:1). It deals first with the sabbath,
which becomes the paradigm for
all the other feasts, especially as far as rest is
concerned. Such importance
was given to what could or could not be done on
the sabbath that all sorts of
absurd and formalistic exaggerations developed.
More than once Jesus
criticized the severe interpretations devised by the
scribes--a complicated
and intolerable casuistry (cf. Mt 15:1-9; 23:41 Acts
15:10).
23:5-8.
The Passover is also dealt with in Exodus 12:1-14:21-28 and 13:3-10.
The
first month was called Nisan; earlier on it was called Abib, "spring" or
"ears
(of grain)". The feast began at sundown. Here it is depicted as a
preparation for
the feast of the unleavened bread, which began the following
day, 15 Nisan, and
lasted seven days, during which bread was eaten
unleavened. The religious as-
sembly took place on the first day and the
last. During these assemblies various
sacrifices were offered and a sacred
meal took place. We recall that it was du-
ring this feast that Jesus
instituted the Eucharist, doing so in the context of the
passover supper. And
it was during the Passover that Jesus was sacrificed on
he altar of the
cross. St John tells us that the sacrifice of Christ began at the
sixth hour
on the day of Preparation, the exact time that the passover lambs
were
sacrificed. This makes the beginning of a new Passover, in which a new
victim
is sacrificed, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world (cf.
Jn
1:29, 36; 19:14).
23:9-14. The feast of the first fruits, although the
date is not a fixed one, is con-
nected with the Passover. In the Jordan
valley grain was already ripe for harvest
by this time (cf. Num 28:26-31).
The offering of first fruits is based on the convic-
tion that everything
comes from God. In recognition of that divine sovereignty the
first sheaf to
ripen was offered in sacrifice--a tradition which developed to the
point that
no one could eat the crop without first making this offering to God.
The
"morrow" after the sabbath was thought by some to have been the first
sabbath
after 14 Nisan. Other scholars think that the sabbath was 15 Nisan
and then the
offering of the first fruits took place on 16 Nisan. The
"morrow" was the base day
for reckoning the start of feast of Pentecost,
seven weeks later. The offering of
the first sheaves was accompanied by the
sacrifice of a year-old lamb and two
tenths of an ephah of flour (cf. the
note on Ex 29:38-46) that is, approximately
4.2 liters, and a quarter of a
hin of wine (approximately one litre or two pints).
23:15-22. This feast,
too, has elements connected with the grain harvest. Later
on it became linked
with the giving the Law at Sinai. It was called Pentecost be-
cause it came
fifty days after Passover. In Hebrew it was called Aseret, the
"great
convocation" or assembly. Another name for it is the feast of Weeks
(a
reference to the seven weeks which had passed since the Passover). The
offe-
ring of the loaves of bread made from the first sheaf expressed
thanksgiving and
joy for the harvest recently completed. The various
sacrifices were offered as a
sign of repentance for and as an act of
adoration for the greatness of God who
had blessed the work of his
people.
From a Christian point of view, it is interesting that it was on
the feast of Pente-
cost that the Holy Spirit came down on the apostles. For
one thing, that Pente-
cost marked the start of a new stage with another Law,
a much more perfect
one, written not on stones but in the depths of men's
hearts (cf. 2 Cor 3:3). For
another, because it also seems significant that
it was at the moment when the
fruits of the earth were being harvested that
the Church should receive the most
precious fruit of Christ's death on the
cross, the strength of the Spirit who puri-
fies and sanctities men with his
divine grace.
23:23-44. In the Bible the number seven had a sacred
character; symbolizing in
some way the perfection of God. Therefore the
seventh month, as also the se-
venth year, had special significance in
Israel. Thus, in the seventh month (in He-
brew, Tishre) three feasts were
held. The first was the feast of Trumpets, which
took place on the seventh
day. It began with the sounding of trumpets; hence
its name. Trumpets were
also used to greet the appearance of the new moon.
These details probably
reflect traces of astral cults; however, by becoming in-
corporated into the
liturgy, they became purified and raised to a new plane, to
express at
different times and different ways a deep feeling of attachment to
the
Creator of heaven and earth.
On the tenth of the same month the
day of atonement was celebrated--Yom Kip-
pur. It was a day of penance and
expiation. It began at sundown, with the start
of the sabbath rest. The grave
penalties imposed for transgressions show the im-
portance this day had, and
still has today, in Jewish liturgy.
The other great feast is that of
Tabernacles, celebrated over seven days, begin-
ning on 15 Tisre. In the Code
of the Covenant it is called the feast of ingathering
(cf. Ex 23:16). The
last of the harvest was saved around this time, particularly
the grape
harvest. The feast marked the close of the agricultural year; it was a
most
joyful least. It was also regarded as preparation for the new period
which
would start immediately with the new sowing. Prayers were offered for
early rains,
which were so crucial to starting the work. This was why the
rite of water was so
much to the fore. Water was borne in procession from the
pool of Siloe and then
poured round the altar of the temple. In Jesus' time a
bunch of myrtle and acacia
branches (from trees growing on the river bank)
was shaken during the proces-
sion, thereby invoking the divine blessing of
rain. In the times of Ezra and Nehe-
miah. in the middle of the 5th century
BC, huts made from branches of trees
were set up on the terfaces of houses or
in the countryside, and the people
camped in them over the days of the feast,
in memory of the pilgrimage of the
people of Israel in the desert, when they
lived in tents. This custom still survives
in the Jewish religion.
The
Gospel of St John has much to say about this feast and about Jesus'
acti-
vity in connection with it (cf. Jn 7:2ff), including the, important
revelations our
Lord made apropos of its rites: it was on this feast that
Jesus proclaimed that
from his heart rivers of living water would flow, a
reference to "the Spirit, which
those who believed in him were to receive"
(Jn 7:39).
(이상, 발췌 끝)
2. 그리고 다음의 주소에 접속하면, 이에 대응하는 "새 번역 성경" 본문들을 읽을 수 있습니다:
출처: http://maria.catholic.or.kr/mi_pr/missa/missa.asp?menu=missa&missaid=10882&gomonth=2019-08-02
(발췌 시작)
▥ 레위기의 말씀입니다. 23,1.4-11.15-16.27.34ㄴ-37
1 주님께서 모세에게 이르셨다.
4 “너희가 정해진 때에 소집해야 하는 거룩한 모임, 곧 주님의 축일들은 이러하다.
5 첫째 달 열나흗날 저녁 어스름에 주님의 파스카를 지켜야 한다.
6 이달 보름에는 주님의 무교절을 지내는데,
너희는 이레 동안 누룩 없는 빵을 먹어야 한다.
7 첫날에는 거룩한 모임을 열고,
생업으로 하는 일은 아무것도 해서는 안 된다.
8 그리고 이레 동안 주님에게 화제물을 바쳐야 한다.
이레째 되는 날에는 다시 거룩한 모임을 열고,
생업으로 하는 일은 아무것도 해서는 안 된다.”
9 주님께서 모세에게 이르셨다.
10 “너는 이스라엘 자손들에게 일러라.
그들에게 이렇게 말하여라.
‘너희는 내가 너희에게 주는 땅으로 들어가서 수확을 거두어들일 때,
너희 수확의 맏물인 곡식 단을 사제에게 가져와야 한다.
11 사제는 그 곡식 단이 너희를 위하여 호의로 받아들여지도록
주님 앞에 흔들어 바친다.
사제는 그것을 안식일 다음 날 흔들어 바친다.
15 너희는 안식일 다음 날부터,
곧 곡식 단을 흔들어 바친 날부터 일곱 주간을 꽉 차게 헤아린다.
16 이렇게 일곱째 안식일 다음 날까지 오십 일을 헤아려,
새로운 곡식 제물을 주님에게 바친다.’
27 또한 일곱째 달 초열흘날은 속죄일이다.
너희는 거룩한 모임을 열고 고행하며, 주님에게 화제물을 바쳐야 한다.
34 ‘이 일곱째 달 보름날부터 이레 동안은 주님을 위한 초막절이다.
35 그 첫날에는 거룩한 모임을 열고, 생업으로 하는 일은 아무것도 해서는 안 된다.
36 너희는 이레 동안 주님에게 화제물을 바친다.
여드레째 되는 날에는 다시 거룩한 모임을 열고, 주님에게 화제물을 바친다.
이날은 집회일이므로, 너희는 생업으로 하는 일은 아무것도 해서는 안 된다.
37 이는 너희가 거룩한 모임을 소집해야 하는 주님의 축일들로서,
이때 너희는 그날그날에 맞는 번제물과 곡식 제물과
희생 제물과 제주를 주님에게 화제물로 바쳐야 한다.’”
(이상, 발췌 끝)
† 성부와 성자와 성령의 이름으로 아멘.
----------
작성자: 교수 소순태 마태오 (Ph.D.)
