+ 찬미 예수님!
일전에 이단인 단의설(Monothelitism )에 대하여 말씀드릴 때에, 교황님의 역할에 대하여 조금 언급을 한 적이 있었습니다만, 이번의 글에서는 가톨릭 기도문과 관련하여 지난 500여년 동안 교황님들의 특별한 역할에 대하여 말씀드리고자 합니다.
이 글은 2005년도 봄의 졸글
교황님의 역할.. - 이단인 단의설에 대한 설명과 함께 (클릭하세요)
의 연속으로서,
개신교 신자와의 대화.. (클릭하세요)
영어로 매일미사 중 말씀의 전례 및 강론말씀 듣기.. (클릭하세요)
구원에 대하여.. - 신앙상담글 (클릭하세요)
가톨릭교회-개신교 루터파 교회 공동선언문.. -신앙상담글 (클릭하세요)
의화(Justification)은 성화(Sanctification)의 시작일 뿐.. - 신앙상담글 (클릭하세요)
등의 졸글에서 말씀드린 내용과 깊은 관련이 있습니다. 즉,
(i) 마르틴 루터가 파문 당하기 전 (즉, 1520년 여름 이전)에는 연옥(Purgatory)이 있음을 부인하지 않았지만, 1520년 7월경에 가톨릭 교회로 부터 파문을 당하고 나서부터는 연옥이 있음을 부인하기 위하여,
(i)-1. 구약성경 중의 제 2 경전이 경건하지 않다는 기상천외한 억지 주장을 하면서, 제 2경전을 구약 성경에서 제거하는 작업을 시작하였고,
(i)-2. 기도할 때에, 가톨릭 교회의 오래된 전통적인 기도문들 대신에, 누구나 자유롭게 임의적이고 즉흥적인 "자유기도"를 하면 된다고 주장하였습니다.
(ii) 가톨릭 교회의 전통적 성경 해석권에 반대하여, 누구나 자유롭게 성경을 임의적으로 해석해도 된다고 주장하였습니다.
특히 그는, 신앙생활에 있어, 가톨릭 교회 사제들의 역할을 전적으로 부정하기 위하여, "누구든지 사제"이라는, "만인제사장제"를 주장하였습니다.
이렇게 마르틴 루터에 의한 가톨릭 교회의 교리 및 교의 등에 대한 직접적인 공격 때문에 그 이후부터 여러 인간적인 방향으로 온갖 이설이 난무하게 되자, 가톨릭 교회측에서는 트리엔트 공의회(1545년 - 1563년)를 소집하여, 특히
(1) 가톨릭 교회의 역사상 처음으로 "가톨릭 교리서"를 (특정 사제 혹은 성인이 아니라) 가톨릭 교회의 이름으로 발행하였고,
(2) 성경과 가톨릭 교회의 전승이 꼭 같이 중요함을 천명하면서, 특히 구약 및 신약 성경에 대한 올바른 해석권은 가톨릭 교회에만 있음을 재천명하였으며,
(3) 7성사를 세우고, 성화(Sanctification) 및 연옥 교리를 공포하였습니다.
주: 트리엔트 공의회 내용은 여기에 요약되어 있습니다. (클릭하세요)
이 글에서는, 위의 제 (i)-2 항에서 언급한 임의적이고 즉흥적인 "자유기도"가 점차 개신교 교회측에 성행하게 됨에 따라, 가톨릭 교회측에서 어떠한 조치를 취하였는지에 대하여, 자료 검토를 통하여 구체적으로 살펴 보고자 합니다.
사실, 이 글을 준비하게 된 데에는 우연찮게 접하게 된 작은 사연 때문입니다. 아마도 천주께서 부족한 저를 통하여 우리 모두가 더 자세한 내용을 알게 하려고 하신듯..
지난 2006년 1월 중순 경에 방문 중이던 미국의 한 지역에 위치한 동네성당의 "화합의 장"에서 1954년에 발행된 "가톨릭 기도문" 책자를 우연히 접하게 되었습니다. 제 2차 바티칸 공의회 이전에 발행된 서적이라 관심을 가지고 그 자리에서 내용을 대충 살펴 보니, 매우 놀랍게도 요즈음 우리들이 접하는 가톨릭 기도문과는 달리, 우리가 평소에 자주 하는 기도문들 대부분에 전대사 (Plenary Indulgence) 혹은 한대사 (Partial Indulgence) 특은이 이미 주어져 있다는 것을 알게 되었습니다.
해서 관심을 더 가지지 않을 수 없었고 하여, 이 기도문을 집으로 빌려와서는 자세한 내용 분석을 하지 않을 수 없었습니다.
다음은 1954년에 발행된 영문 가톨릭 기도서에 수록된 기도문들 중에서, 대사 (Indulgence)의 특은이 주어진 기도문들의 제목을 발췌한 것입니다.
주 1: 제가 직접 급하게 옮겨 적는 과정에서 오타가 있을 수도 있으니 양지하시기 바랍니다.
주 2: 예를 들어, 아래의 글에서, Indulgence of 3 years 라는 표현은, 연옥에 머무를 기간에서 3년을 감해 준다는 한대사 (Partial Indulgence) 특은이 부여된 기도문이라는 뜻입니다.(*) 그리고 Plenary Indulgence는 전대사를 말합니다.
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(*) 게시자 주: 이에 대한 더 자세한 설명은 다음의 영어 가톨릭 대사전에 주어진 "Indulgences" 라는 용어에 대한 설명에 있습니다. 클릭한 후에 "Various kinds of indulgences" 항을 읽도록 하십시오:
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07783a.htm
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주 3: 비록 제 2차 바티칸 공의회 이후부터는 한대사의 경우에 있어, 과거와는 달리, 날짜를 언급하지 않는 방향으로 규정이 바뀌었습니다만 (주: 아래의 ***** 주 에 있는 내용참조 요), 이 글에서는 그 동안 역대 교황님들께서 가톨릭 교회의 전통적 기도문을 잘 보존하고 지키기 위하여 노력하신 모습들을 구체적으로 살펴 보는 것이 주된 내용입니다.
=====================================================
The Prayer Book
Beautiful and helpful
prayers from ancient and
modern soruces
edited by
Reverend JOHN P.O'CONNELL, M.A., S.T.D.
and
JEX MARTIN, M.A.
ThE CATHOLIC PRESS, INC.
Chicago, 1, Illinois
--------------------------------------
Copyright 1954
The Catholic Press, Inc.
Imprimatur
+ Samuel Cardianl Stritch
Archbishop of Chicago
May 10, 1954
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주: 다음은 위의 책자에 실린 가톨릭 기도문들 중에 대사(Indulgence)와 관련된 기도문 제목 (주: 초록색으로 표시)을 모았습니다.
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***** COMMON PRAYERS *****
THE SIGN OF THE CROSS
Indulgence of 3 years; when mode with holy water, 7 years. (678)
THE ANGELUS (삼종기도)
LET US PRAY
The faithful who at dawn, at noon and in the evening, or as soon thereafter as possible, devoutly recite the Angelus, with the appropriate versicles and prayer, or who merely say the Hail Mary five time, may gain: an indulgence of 10 years each time; a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions if they presevere in this devout practices for a month. (331)
***** MORNING PRAYERS *****
CONSECRATION TO MARY
Hail Mary (성모송), etc.
Indulgence of 500 days; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if this act of oblation is repeated every day for a month. (340)
FOR GOD'S HELP
The faithful who devoutly recite this prayer in the morning may gain: an indulgence of 5 years; a plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions for daily devout recitation thereof. (108)
***** EVENING PRAYERS *****
THE MEMORARE
Indulgence of 3 years; plenary indulgence once a month for the daily recitation of this prayer. (339)
BEFORE RETIRING
- Saint Alphonsus Liguori
The faithful who recite this prayer in the evening before falling asleep may gain: an indulgence of 3 years once a day; a plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions for the daily devout repetition of the same. (99)
PRAYER FOR REST
Indulgence of 7 years for each invocation; plenary indulgence on the usual condition, for the recitation of each of the foregoing invocations every day for a month. (636)
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***** PRAYERS FOR DAYS OF THE WEEK *****
It is a polular custom among Catholics to devote each day of the week to a particular devotion. The Missal recognizes a similar practice by providing a particular votive Mass for each day of the week, to be used if a feast day is not being celebrated. According to custom, the following devotions are assigned to each day:
SUNDAY . . . . . . . . The Holy Trinity
MONDAY . . . . . . . . The Holy Ghost
TUESDAY . . . . . . . . The Holy Angels
WEDNESDAY . . . . . . . . Saint Joseph
THURSDAY . . . . . . . . The Holy Euchraist
FIRDAY . . . . . . . . The Sacred Passion
SATURDAY . . . . . . . . The Blessed Virgin Mary
*** SUNDAY, The Holy Trinity ***
PETITION TO THE HOLY TRINITY
Indulgence of 3 years. (58)
TO THE TRINITY DWELLING IN THE SOUL
Indulgence of 300 days for each of the above prayers even when recited separated. (12)
CONSECRATION TO THE THREE PERSONS
Indulgence of 3 years; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if this act of oblation is repeated every day for a month. (57)
*** MONDAY, The Holy Ghost ***
FOR THE GRACE OF THE HOLY GHOST
Indulgence of 500 days. (290)
FOR A PURE HEART
Indulgence of 500 days; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions for the daily recital of this invocation for a month. (281)
CONSECRATION TO THE HOLY GHOST
Indulgence of 500 days. (289)
FOR LIGHT
Indulgence of 300 days. (277)
LET US PRAY
-Roman Breviary
Indulgence of 5 years; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, for the daily recitation of this hymn with its versicle and prayer. (283)
*** TUESDAY, The Holy Angels ***
*** WEDNESDAY, Saint Joseph ***
MEMORARE TO SAINT JOSEPH
Indulgence of 500 days. (472)
TO SAINT JOSEPH,
PATRON OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
Indulgence of 500 days. (474)
FOR PURITY
Indulgence of 3 years; indulgence of 7 years every day in March and on any Wednesday throught out the year; plenary indulgence, on the usual conditions, if this prayer is devoutly repeated every day for an entire month. (473)
LITANY OF SATINT JOSEPH
LET US PRAY
Indulgence of 5 years; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if this litany together with its versicle and response, and the prayer are recited daily for a month. (462)
*** THURSDAY, The Holy Eucharist ***
INVOCATION
Indulgence of 300 days; an indulgence of 7 years, if devoutly recited after Holy Communion; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, when this prayer has been said devoutly every day. (131)
FOR A VISIT TO THE BLESSED SACRAMENT
- Satint Alphonsus Liguori
The faithful who devoutly recite this prayer in the presence of the Blessed Sacrement, are granted: an indulgence of 5 years; a plenary indulgence once a month if they devoutly recite it daily for the entire month and, in addition, make their confession, receive Holy Communion and pray for the intensions of the Sovereign Pontiff. (182)
SPIRITUAL COMMUNION
To the faithful who make an act of spiritual Communion, using any formula they may choose, there is granted: an indulgence of 3 years; a plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions when the act is performed every day of the month. (164)
A PRAYER TO FOSTER DAILY COMMUNION
Indulgence of 500 days once a day; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, when this prayer is devoutly recited every day. (163)
*** FRIDAY, The Sacred Passion ***
IN MEMORY OF THE PASSION AND DEATH
The faithful, who recite this prayer with devotion on Good Friday at three o'clock, the hour when our Lord Jesus Christ expired on the Cross, are granted: an indulgence of 500 days. (214)
PRAYER BEFORE A CRUCIFIX
The faithful who recite this prayer devoutly before an image of Jesus Christ Crucified, may gain: an indulgence of 10 years; a plenary indulgence if, moreover, they go toconfession, receive Holy Communion and pray for the intentions of the Sovereign Pohtiff. (201)
*** SATURDAY, The Blessed Virgin Mary ***
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***** PRAYERS FOR THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR *****
Since the 16th century Catholic piety has assigned entire months to special devotions. Those given below are the more common ones; the Holy See has enriched most of these observances with indulgences. In the following list the starred months are those so distinguished.
*JANUARY . . . . . . . . . The Holy Name of Jesus
FEBRUARY . . . . . . . . . The Holy Family
*MARCH . . . . . . . . . Saint Joseph
APRIL . . . . . . . . . The Blessed Sacrament
*MAY . . . . . . . . . The Blessed Virgin Mary
*JUNE . . . . . . . . . The Sacred Heart
*JULY . . . . . . . . . The Precious Blood
*AUGUST . . . . . . . . . The Immaculate Heart of Mary
*SEPTEMBER . . . . . . . . . Our Lady of Sorrows
*OCTOBER . . . . . . . . . The Holy Rosary
*NOVEMBER . . . . . . . . . The Holy Souls in Purgatory
*DECEMBER . . . . . . . . . The Immaculate Conception
It should be noted that in most cased the monthly devotions were occasioned by and centered around particular feasts in the Church calendar (e.g., the feast of the Holy Name of Jesue, Sunday between the Circumcision and the Epiphany, or, January 2; the feast of the Most Precious Blood of our Lord, July 1; the feast of the most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, October 7).
*** JANUARY, The Holy Name of Jesus ***
INVOCATION
Indulgence of 5 years; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual condition, for daily and devout recitation of this hymn. (115)
ACT OF REPARAPATION FOR BLASPHEMIES UTTERD AGAINST THE HOLY NAME
Indulgence of 500 days once a day; plenary indulgence once a month, on the usual conditions, when this prayer has beed said devoutly every day. (100)
LITANY OF THE MOST HOLY NAME OF JESUS
LET US PRAY
Indulgence of 7 years; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, for the dailyand devout recitation of this litany. (114)
* The faithful who, the month of January, perform some special act of devotion in honor of the Holy Name of Jesus are granted: an indulgence of 7 years once on any day of the month; a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if this act of devotion is repeated daily of the entire month. (118)
*** FEBRUARY, The Holy Family ***
INVOCATION
Indulgence of 300 days. (273)
FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE HOLY FAMILY
Indulgence of 3 years; plenary indulgence on the usual condidions, for the devout repetition of this prayer every day for a month. (643)
CONSECRATATION TO THE HOLY FAMILY
Indulgence of 500 days; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if this prayer is repeated with devotion every day for a month. (706)
*** MARCH, Saint Josep ***
FOR OUR WORK
Indulgence of 500 days. (478)
FOR THE INTERCESSION OF SAINT JOSEPH
Indulgence of 500 days. (477)
* The faithful who in the month of March or, if that is impossible, in any other month of the year, are present at public devotions in hornor of Saint Joseph, spouse of the B.V.M., may gain: an indulgence of 7 years, on any day of the month; a plenary indulgence, if they take part in ten such exercises at leas, and, moreover, go to confession, receive Holy Communion and pray for the intensions of His Hiliness the Pope.
Those who perform their devotions to Saint Joseph prevately during the month of March, may gain: an indulgence of 5 years once, on any day of the month; a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if they perfory such devotions daily throughout the entire month; but if public devotions are held, this indulgence is available only to those who are lawfully hindered from taking part therein. (466)
*** APRIL, The Blessed Sacrament ***
ACT OF ADORATION
Indulgence of 3 years once a day. (183)
FAITH IN THE EUCHARIST
Indulgence of 500 days. (184)
OFFERING
- Cardinal Newman
The faithful who, during one month of the year, devoutly offer their prayers or other works of piety in nohor of the Blessed Sacrament may obtain: an indulgence of 7 years once on each day of the month; a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if they perform this devout exercise every day of the month. (175)
***** MAY, The Blessed Virgin Mary *****
INVOCATIONS
Indulgence of 300 days; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, if these invocations are repeated daily. (295)
My Mother, deliver me frmo mortal sin
Hail Mary (three times).
Indulgence of 300 days. (297)
Mother of love, of sorrow and of mercy, pray for us.
Indulgence of 300 days. (300)
Remember, O Virgin Mother of God, when thou shart stand before the face of the Lord, that thou spead favorable things in our behalf and that He may turn away His indignation from us.
- Romann Missal
Indulgence of 300 days; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions for the daily divout recitation of this invocation. (308)
Thou aret my Mother, O Virgin Mary: keep me safe lest I ever offend thy dear Son, and obtain for me the grace to please Him alwyas and in all things.
Indulgence of 300 days. (310)
FOR THE HELP OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
Indulgence of 3 years; plenary indulgence on the unusl conditions if this prayer is recited every day for a month. (347)
THE SALVE REGINA
Indulgence of 5 years; indulgence of 7 years every day in May. A plenary indulgence once a month, on the usual conditions, for the daily recitation of this prayer. (332)
PRAYER TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
Indulgence of 3 years; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions for the daily recitation of this prayer. (341)
PETITION TO MARY
The faituful who recite his prayer with devotion befor an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, may gain: an indulgence of 3 years; a plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, if they recite it every day. (342)
TO MARY, REFUGE OF SINNERS
Indulgence of 500 days; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, for devout recitation of this prayer every day for a month. (350)
FOR THE GRACE OF LOVE
- Cardinal Merry Del Val
Indulgence of 500 days; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, for the devout repetition of this prayer every day for a month. (352)
ACT OF REPARATION
Indulgence of 500 days. (329)
* The faithful who during the month of May take part in public exercise in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary may gain: an indulgence of 7 years on any day of the month; a pleanry indulgence if they assist at the exercises on at least ten days, and moreover go to confession, receive Holy Communion and pray for the Holy Father's intention.
Those who perform their devotions privately during the afore-said month are granted: an indulgence of 5 years once on any day of the month; a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if they perform these devotions every day during the month; but where public exercise are held, this indulgence is granted only to those who are lawfully hindered from taking part in the same. (325)
*** JUNE, The Sacred Heart ***
INVOCATION
- Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque
Indulgence of 300 days; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, if this invocation is repeated daily with devotion. (232)
FOR THE CHURCH
Indulgence of 500 days; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions for the daily devout recitation of this prayer. (262)
ACT OF LOVE
- Cardinal Merry Del Val
Indulgence of 500 days; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if this prayer is recited daily for a month. (267)
* The faithful who devoutly take part in public services in honor of the Sacred Heart of Jesus during the month of June (or some other month, according to the prudent judgment of the most Reverend Ordinary) may gain: an indulgence of 10 years on any day of the month; plenary indulgence if they are present at these services on at least 10 days of the month and, in addition, make their confession, receive Holy Communio and pray for the intensions of the Sovereign Pontiff.
Those who perform their dovotions privately during such a month ma gain: an indulgence of 7 years once on any day of the month; a plenary indulgence o the usual conditions, provided that they perform these devotions daily throught the month and are lawfully excused from taking part in public exercises where the latter are hel. (253)
*** JULY, The Precious Blood ***
OFFERING IN REPARATION TO THE PRECIOUS BLOOD
Indulgence of 3 years; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions for the daily recitation of this act of oblation for a month. (220)
PRAYER TO JESUS
Indulgence of 300 days. (215)
PRAYER TO THE ETERNAL FATHER
Indulgence of 500 days; an indulgence of 3 year, if this prayer is recited during the month of July; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions for the daily recitation of this act of oblation for an entire month. (219)
PETITION
Indulgence of 5 years; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions for the daily repetition of this prayer. (221)
* The faithful, who during the month of July devoutly take part in the pblic exercise which is held inhonor of the Most Precious Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, may gain: an indulgence of 10 years on any day of the month; a plenary indulgence upon the addition of sacramental confession, Holy Communion, and prayer for the intensions of the Sovereign Pontiff, if they are present at the exercises on at least ten days.
Those who during the month prevately recite prayers or perform other pious exercises in honor of the some Precisous Blood, may gain: an indulgence of 7 years once on each day; a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if they presevere in their prayers throughout the month; where, however, a public exercise in held, this indulgence is available only to those who are legitimately hindered from taking part in it. (217)
*** AUGUST, The Immaulate Heart ***
INVOCATIONS
O heart most pure of the Blessed Virign Mary, obtain for me from Jesus a pure and humble heart.
Indulgence of 300 days; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions for the daily devout repetition of his invocation. (387)
Sweet heart of Mary, be my salvation.
Indulgence of 300 days; plenary indulgence once a month on the unual conditions, if repeated daily. (386)
ACT OF CONSECRATION
- Pius Pius XII
Indulgence of 3 years; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if this act of consecration is devoutl repeated every day for a month. (391)
IN HONOR OF THE IMMACULATE HEART
Indulgence of 500 days, plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, provided that this prayer be devoutly recited every day for a month. (393)
* The faithful who offer prayers or other acts of piety in honor of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, on any day during the month of August, may gain: an indulgence of 5 years, once; those who persevere in such a devout exercise daily throughtout the month of August, may gain a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions. (389)
*** SEPTEMBER, Our Lady of Sorrows ***
INVOCATIONS
Mary most sorrowful, Mother of Christians, pray for us.
Indulgence of 300 days. (376)
Virgin most sorrowful, pray for us.
Indulgence of 300 days; indulgence of 5 years, if, in honor of the Blessed Virigin Mary Sorrowing, the Hail Mary is devoutly recited 7 times followed by the above invocation once. (377)
TO THE QUEEN OF MARTYRS
Indulgence of 500 days. (384)
TO THE MOTHER OF SORROWS
Indulgence of 500 days. (385)
* The faithful who, during the month of September, pray or perform other devotions in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary Sorrowing, may gain: an indulgence of 5 years once, on any day of the month; a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if they persevere daily in this devout prective throughout the entire month. (381)
*** OCTOBER, The Holy Rosary ***
INVOCATION
Queen of the most holu Rosary, pray for us.
Indulgence of 300 days. (394)
TO THE QUEEN OF THE HOLY ROSARY
Indulgence of 500 day. (399)
* The faithful who during the month of October recite at least a third part of the Rosary, either publicly or privately, may gain: an indulgence of 7 years each day; a plenary indulgence, if they perform this devout exercise on the Feast of the Rosary and throughout the Octave, and moreover, go to confession, receive Holy communion, and visit a church or public oratory; a plenary indulgence, with the addition ofconfession, Communion, and a visit to a church or public oratory, if they perform the same recitation of the holy Rosary for at least ten days after the Octave of the afore-said. (398)
*** NOVEMBER, The Holy Souls in Purgatory ***
The Holy Souls are those who have died in the state of grace but who are not yet free from all punishment due to their unforgiven venial sins and all other sins already forgiven for which satisfaction is stil to be made. They are certain of entering Heaven, but first they must suffer in Purgatory. The Holy Souls cannot help themselves because for them the night has come, when no man can work (John 9:4). It is our great privilege of brotherhood that we can shorten their time of separation from God by our prayers, good works, and, especially, the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.
INVOCATION
Indulgence of 300 days, appicable only to the holy soles. (582)
FOR THE SOULS IN THE PURGATORY
Indulgence of 500 days. (596)
DE PROFUNDIS
The faithful who devoutly recite the 129th Psalm, De Profundis, or who say the Our Father, Hail May and the versicle Eternal Rest, in supplication for the faithful departed, may gain: an indulgence of 3 years; an indulgence of 5 years every day in November; a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if this pious practice is repeated daily for a month. (585)
THE MISERERE
The faithful who evoutly recite the 50th Psalm, Meserere, for the souls detained in purgatory, may gain: an indulgence of 3 years; a plenary indulgence once a month, on the usual conditions, for the daily recitations of the same. (586)
FOR THE SOULS IN PURGATORY
* The faithful who recite prayers or perform other devout exercises in supplication for the faithful departed during the month of November, may gain: an indulgence of 3 years once on each day of the month; a plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if they perform these devotions daily for the entire month.
Those who, during the afresaid month, take part in public services held in a church or public oratory in intercession for the faithful departed may gain: an indulgence of 7 years on each day of the month; a plenary indulgence, if they attend these exercises on at least fifteen days and, in addition, go to confession, receive Holy Communion, and pray for the intensions of the Sovereign Pontiff. (589)
*** DECEMBER, The Immaculate Conception ***
INVOCATION
Indulgence of 300 days; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, for devout daily recitation. (357)
TO THE VIRGINIMMACULATE
Indulgence of 500 days. (369)
PRAYER OF PRAISE
Indulgence of 3 years; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if daily recitation of this prayer be continued for a month. (371)
* The faithful who perform some act of devotion in honor of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary during the month of December may gain: an indulgence of 5 years once, on any day; a plenary indulgence, on the usual conditions, if they perform it daily throughout the month. (364)
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***** PRAYERS FOR VARIOUS NEEDS *****
FOR THE UNITY OF THE CHURCH
LET US PRAY
Indulgence of 300 days during the octave of prayer for the unity of the Church, from the Feast of the Chair of St. Peter in Rome (Jan. 18) to the Feast of the Conversion of St. Paul (Jan. 25); plenary indulgence on the usual conditions at the end of the devout exercise. (622)
FOR MISSIONARIES
Indulgence of 300 days, once a day; plenary indulgence once a month, on the usual conditions, provided that this prayer be said daily with devotion. (620)
FOR THE FOREIGN MISSIONS
Indulgence of 300 days once a day; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, if this prayer is devoutly asid every day for a month. (619)
FOR STUDENTS
Indulgence of 300 days. (762)
FOR THE APOSTOLATE OF THE PRESS
Ingulgence of 300 days once a day. (709)
IN TIME OF CALAMITY
LET US PRAY
Indulgence of 3 years. (726)
FOR FAITHFULNESS
Indulgence of 500 days. (51)
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***** PRAYERS OF THANKSGIVING *****
TE DEUM
This famous hymn is very old, being possibly the work of Saint Nicetas of Remesiana (335-415). For a long time there was a groundless tratition that Saints Ambrose and Augustine spontaneously composed it and alternately sang it on the night of the baptism of Saint Augustine.
The Te Deum is used in the Divine office and as a hymn of thanksgiving on such occations as the election of a pope, the consecration of a bishop, the canonization of a saint, and the profession of religious.
The hymn "Holy God, We Praise They Name", which is so familiar to Catholics, is one English version of the Te Deum.
We praise Thee, O God; we acknowledge The to be the Lord.
Thee, the Father everlasting, all the earth doth worship.
To Thee all angles, to Thee the heavens and all powers,
To Thee the Cherubim and Seraphim continually cry:
Holy, holy, holy Lord God of Sabaoth.
Heaven and earth are full of the majesty of Thy glory.
Thee, the glorious choir of the apostles,
Thee, the admirable company of prophets,
Thee, the with-robed army of martyrs, preise.
Thee, the holy Church throughout the world doth acknowledge;
The Father of infinite majesty;
Thy adorable, true and only Son;
Also, the Holy Ghost, the Comforter.
Thou, O Christ, art the kin of glory.
Thou art the everlasting Son of the Father.
When Thou didst take upon Thee to deliver man,
Thou didst not disdain the Vergin's womb.
Having overcome the sting of death, Thou didst open the kingdom of heaven to all believers.
Thou sittest at the right hand of God, in the glory of the Father.
We believe that Thou shalt come to be our judge.
We, therefore, pray Thee to help They servants whom Thou hast redeemed with Thy Precious Blood.
Make them to be numbered iwth Thy asints in glogy everlasting.
Save Thy people, O Lord, and bless Thy inheritance.
Govern them, and raise them up for ever.
Every day we bless Thee.
And we praise Thy name for ever; yea, for every and ever.
Vouchsafe, O Lord, this day, to keep us from sin.
Have mercy on us, O Lord, have mercy on us.
Let Thy mercy, O Lord, be upon us, as we ahve hoped in Thee.
O Lord, in Thee have I hoped; let me never be confounded.
The faithful who, to give thanks to God for blessing received, devoutly recite the Ambrosian hymn Te Deum laudamus are granted: an indulgence of 5 years. Those who on the last day of the year assist at the singing of this hymn in a church, public or semi-public oratory (in the case of those who lawfully use the same), in order to give thanks to God for the blessing received from Him during the whole year, are granted: an indulgence of 10 years; a plenary indulgence with the addition of confession and Holy Communion, and prayer for the intension of the Holy Father. (684)
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***** PRAYERS IN TIME OF SUFFERING *****
INVOCATION IN TIME OF TRIAL
Indulgence of 300 days. (720)
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***** PRAYERS IN TIME OF SICKNESS *****
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***** PRAYERS CONCERNING DEATH *****
*** PRAYERS FOR THOSE WHO ARE DYING ***
FOR ALL THE DYING
Indulgence of 3 years; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, if this prayer is said devoutly every day. (647)
DAILY PRAYER FOR THE DYING
Indulgence of 300 days; plenary indulgence once a month on the usual conditions, if this prayer is said with devotion thrice daily at three distinct times. (671)
TO MARY, MOTHER OF THE DYING
Indulgence of 500 days. (642)
*** PRAYERS FOR A HAPPY DEATH ***
A "happy death" is a death in the state of grace. Such a death is the greatest blessing God can give a soul; it marks his life as a success in God's eyes - no matter how it may appear to others. Death in the state of sin is the greatest tragedy that can befall a man; it marks his life as a failure in the eyes of God - no matter how successful he may appear to others. We must frequently pray for the grace of a happy death.
INVOCATIONS OF A HAPPY DEATH
Indulgence of 7 years for each invocation; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, ofr the recitation of each of the foregoing invocations every day for a month. (636)
TO SAINT JOSEPH,
PATRON OF A HAPPY DEATH
Indulgence of 500 days once a day. (670)
FOR A HOLY DEATH
Indulgence of 500 days once a day. (645)
PRAYER TO BE SINLESS AT THE HOUR OF DEATH
Indulgence of 300 days. (637)
AGAINST A SUDDEN DEATH
Indulgence of 500 days; plenary indulgence on the usual conditions, when this pryaer has been devoutly said every dayfor a month. (641)
*** PRYAERS FOR THE DEAD ***
Prayers can and do help the holy souls in Purgatory. The traditional teaching of the Church is condained in this statement: "... the sould detained therein (in Purgagory) are helped by the suffrages of the faithful, but especially by the acceptable sacrifice of the altar" (Council of Trent). Indulgences are also used frequently for the relief of those souls.
The Book of Tobias speaks of prayer and fasting for the dead (Tob. 2:3). Judas Machabeus sent money to Jerusalem to offer sacrifice for the sins of the dead, and the author of Machabees comment: "It is thefore a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead, that they may be loosed from sins" (2 Mach. 12:43-46).
FOR FRIENDS IN PURGATORY
Indulgence of 300 days. (13)
*** PRAYERS FOR EACH DAY OF THE WEEK ***
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
Indulgence of 500 days for each of these prayers. (594)
.................................
A NOTE ON INDULGENCES
Many of the prayers in this book carry indulgences granted by the Church. This fact is always noted immetiately after a particular prayer. The number in the paretheses folloiwing each indulgence correspondes to the number given to each prayer in the "Enchiridion Indulgentiarum", the lateset edition of the Chruch's official manula of indulgenced prayers and dovotions. ("The Raccolta", an English translation of the "Enchiridion Indulgentiarum", has been published by Benziger Brothers.) Although most users of ths book may be accustomed to terms such as "plenary indulgense" and "an indulgence of 500 days,' some explanation of this terminoly is always in order.
When Christ entrusted the Church with the "keys to the kingdom of heaven," He gave her power to forgive sin, to unite sinners once again to the life of divine love, and to remove eternal punishment in hell that their sins incur. This, of course, is the wonder of the Sacrament of Penance - sin is forgiven; eternal punishment is removed. However, certain atonement for forgiven sin is needed, even beyond the penance imposed by the confessor. Suffering in atonement for sins confessed and forgiven is known as "temporal" punishment because it is temporary, not eternal.
The Church in her "power of the keys" has also the extra-sacramental means for mitigating the temporal punishment due to sin on earth or in purgatory. Indulgences granted by the Church draw upon the uper-abundant merits of Christ and the saints and release the person from all or part of the expiation due for sins already forgiven.
In the early Chruch those who had sinned gravely and publicly were, after the sin had been forgiven, put under certain disciplines which retricted their participation in the liturgy. Thse disciplines laster for various lengths of time (300 days, etc.) and are, to a certain extent, the basis for the various amounts and degrees of partial idulgences. Partial indulgences remit a certain amount of the temporal punishment due to sin - as much as God would will pardoned those who did the corresponding public penance for the duration of time noted. Simply, prayers and devotions with partial indulgences have attached to their proper use the power to remove some of the temporal punishment due to sin. A plenary indulgence has the power to to remove all of the temporal punishment due to sin.
Part of the work that must be done to gain many plenary indulgences is designated as the "usual conditions." These conditions are: confession, Communion, a visit to a church, and prayer for the intention of the Pope.
주: Usual conditions는 전대사의 특은을 입기 위하여 당연히 해야 하는 의무 조항으로서, 고해성사, 영성체, (전대사의 특은과 관련된 가톨릭 교회의 방문 (예를 들어, 천진암 천주교회), 그리고 교황님의 뜻이 이루어지도록 기도하는 것 (혹은 주님의기도 한 번 및 성모송 한 번)을 포함하고 있습니다. 즉, 이들 의무 조항이 빠지면, 아무리 해당 기도문을 열심히 외우더라도, 전대사의 특은 또한 주어지지 않는다는 뜻입니다.
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***** 주: 다음의 영문 사이트에 접속하면, 대사가 주어지는 기도문들에 대한 더욱 더 자세한 정보를 접할 수 있습니다.
http://www.franciscan-sfo.org/ap/rac/contents.htm (클릭하세요)
여기서, "The Raccolta" 는 "Enchiridion Indulgentiarum"의 영어 번역본입니다.
주: 다음의 바티칸 영문 사이트에 접속하면 대사와 관련하여 1967년에 개정된 규정(Norm)에 대한 언급을 접할 수 있습니다. 특히 새로 적용되는 규정들에 대하여 꼭 읽어 보시기 바랍니다.
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-vi_apc_19670101_indulgentiarum-doctrina_en.html (클릭하세요)[엣 주소]
http://w2.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-vi_apc_01011967_indulgentiarum-doctrina.html [새 주소, 추가 일자:2015년 3월 5일]
예를 들어, "며칠 등의 날짜를 언급하는 한대사"는 모두 "날짜의 언급없는 한대사"로 표현하는 바꾸는 등..
주: 대사 관련 규정의 개정 부분은 제 2차 바티칸 공의회 이후에 발간된 The Raccolta를 구입하여 살펴 본 후에 더욱 더 자세히 말씀드리도록 하겠습니다.
특히, 이 문헌의 첫 문장은 다음과 같습니다.
1. The doctrine and practice of indulgences which have been in force for many centuries in the Catholic Church have a solid foundation in divine revelation(1) which comes from the Apostles and "develops in the Church with the help of the Holy Spirit," while "as the centuries succeed one another the Church constantly moves forward toward the fullness of divine truth until the words of God reach their complete fulfillment in her."(2)
주: 다음의 사이트 내용도 참고하시기 바랍니다. 필독입니다.
http://www.ewtn.com/library/Liturgy/INDULGEN.HTM (클릭하세요)
주: 제 2차 바티칸 공의회 이전에 발행된 위의 The Prayer Book에 사도신경은 있으나, 니케아-콘스탄티노플 신경은 수록되어 있지 않습니다. 즉, 제 2차 바티칸 공의회 이전에 니케아-콘스탄티노플 신경은 사제들이 미사 중에 외었고, 평신자들은 사도신경을 외우고 하였음을 엿볼 수 있는 대목입니다.
마르틴 루터는,
(1) 1517년 10월에 교황님의 대사 특전에 대하여 95개 문장으로 이루어진 대자보를 통한 대사논쟁을 시작하여,
(2) 1520년 7월에 가톨릭 교회로 부터 파문당한 이후 부터는,
(3) 드디어 연옥의 존재를 부정하게 되었고,
(4) 또 연옥 교리가 핵심 내용인 가톨리 교회의 전통적인 기도문들 모두 거부할 수 밖에 없었으며,
(5) 그러나 기도는 하지 않을 수 없으니까, 대신에 임의적이고 즉흥적인 "자유기도" 방식을 채택할 수 밖에 없었던 것입니다.
주: 다음의 영문 사이트 내용을 읽어 보시면, 중세 이후 이단(Heresy)이 라틴어로 된 불가타 성경을 자국어로 번역하는 과정에서 많이 발생하였음을 언급하고 있습니다.
http://www.the-orb.net/textbooks/westciv/reformation.html (클릭하세요)
즉, 열성으로 가득차, 개신교측에서 많이들 하고 있는 "성서 구절 자유 해석을 허용하는 성서 공부"가 얼마나 위험한지에 대하여 잘 언급하고 있습니다.
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이상 "가톨릭 기도문" 책자 발췌 끝.
이렇게 기도문들에 대사의 특은이 부여되어 있음에 대하여 좀 더 구체적으로 파악하기 위하여, 영문 인터넷 사이트를 뒤져 자료 찾기를 하였더니, 다행스럽게도 가톨릭 기도문에 부여된 대사(Indulgence) 를 모아 둔 책자 (영문명: The Raccolta)를 찾아 낼 수 있었고,
주: 아래의 Source 1 에 있는 인터넷 주소입니다.
또 이 라콜타에 담긴 내용을 잘 들여다 보니, 신앙적으로 잘못 된 마르틴 루터의 종교 분리 획책의 확산을 막기 위하여 위하여, 16세기 중반 부터 19세기 중반까지, 상당수의 교황님들께서는 오래된 가톨릭 교회의 기도문들에 전대사 혹은 한대사 특은을 부여한 것을 구체적으로 파악하게 되었습니다.
무슨 말인고 하니, 우리가 대사(Indulgence, 주: 이 단어를 면죄부로 번역하는 것은 큰 잘못인데, 개신교측에서 이런 작위적인 번역을 의도적으로 한 것으로 생각됩니다.) 의 필요 조건으로서 고해성사 및 영성체를 모신 후에 또 기도 중에 교황님의 뜻이 이루어지도록 기도 (혹은 주님의 기도 한 번 및 성모송 한 번)을 드리면서, 평소에 자주하는 대부분의 가톨릭 기도문들을 열심히 바치면, 설사 전대사 혹은 한대사 특은에 관하여 우리가 잘 모르고 있다 하더라도, 한대사 혹은 전대사 특은이 우리에게 자동으로 주어지도록, 여러 교황님들께서 하실 수 있는 모든 조치를 다 한 것을 엿볼 수 있습니다.
또 이렇게 전대사 혹은 한대사 특은을 가톨릭 기도문에 부여함으로써, 우리가 가톨릭 교회의 전통적 기도문을 평소에 지속적으로 가톨릭 열심신자들이 많이들 사용하도록 장려 및 가르치기 위하여 역대 교황님들께서는 그야말로 최선을 다하여 "가톨릭 교회의 수장"으로서의 역할을 다하신 셈입니다.
그리고 16세기 - 19세기 동안의 격동의 근세사를 거치면서, 전세계 방방곡곡에 있는 가톨릭 교회가 과거와 마찬가지로 현재 및 미래에도 여전히 하나의 교회로 지속적으로 유지 및 발전해 나갈 수 있도록 하기 위하여서도, 이러한 조치가 꼭 필요하였을 것임을 알게 되었기도 하고요.
이러한 역대 교황님들의 역할을 더 분명하게 이해하기 위하여, 가톨릭 기도문들에 대사의 특은을 부여한 해를 연대별로 파악해 보면 다음과 같습니다.
특히, 이들 기도문에 대사의 특은이 부여되는 과정에 대한 자세한 내용은 아래의 Source 1 에 언급한 자료를 꼭 참고하시기 바랍니다. 필독입니다.
주 1: 아래에 언급한 날짜는, 해당 기도문에 대한 대사의 특전이 최초로 부여된 날짜입니다. 따라서, 예를 들어, 여러 개의 기도문이 합쳐져 한 개의 기도문이 되었을 경우에 있어, 최종적으로 대사의 특전이 부여된 날짜는 아닙니다.
주 2: 그리고 날짜 다음의 번호는 아래의 Source 1 에 기록된 기도문의 번호입니다. 이 번호 다음에, 대사의 특은이 주어진 기도문의 제목이 있습니다.
<< 역대 교황님들께서 가톨릭 기도문에 대사 특은을 베푸신 년도(year)>>
Source 1: http://www.liturgialatina.org/raccolta/contents.htm (꼭 클릭하세요)
Source 2: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm (클릭하세요)
주: 괄호안은 대사의 특은을 베푸신 교황님.
AD 3 Century 134. PLENARY INDULGENCE AT THE HOUR OF OUR DEATH. (In articulo mortis.)
Gregory the Great (590 - 604) 146. VISIT TO THE CHURCHES OF THE STATIONS
(Paschal II)
Aug. 5, 1100 25. VISIT TO THE “SCALA SANTA” (THE SACRED STAIRS)
(Urban IV)
Aug. 11, 1264 44. FEAST AND OCTAVE OF CORPUS CHRISTI
(John XXII)
Oct. 13, 1318 75. THE "ANGELUS DOMINI," ETC., OR THE "REGINA COELI," ETC
(Leo X)
July 10, 1515 73. THE ROSARY OR CHAPLET CALLED ST. BRIDGET'S
Nov. 23, 1519 24. MYSTERIES OF THE HOLY CHILDHOOD
주 1: Oct. 1517 : 마르틴 루터가 95개 문항으로 이루어진 대자보를 붙임으로써 대사논쟁을 시작함
주 2: July, 1520 : 마르틴 루터가 가톨릭 교회로 부터 파문 당함.
(Adrian VI)
Jan. 11, 1522 18. CHAPLET OF OUR LORD
(Pius IV)
April 30, 1560 165. PRAYER IN THE FORM OF OFFERING, “ETERNAL FATHER” ETC.
(St. Pius V)
July 9, 1568 70. OFFICE
July 9, 1568 135. THE OFFICE
July 9, 1568 143. THE GRADUAL AND PENITENTIAL PSALMS
Oct. 6, 1571 149. CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE. FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING IT
Gregory XIII(1572-85) 46. PRAYERS TO BE SAID BY PRIESTS BEFORE MASS
April 10, 1580 49. FREQUENT COMMUNION
April 10, 1580 50. ADORATION OF THE BLESSED SACRAMENT AT THE ELEVATION IN THE MASS, AT THE RINGING OF THE HOUR-BELL WHEN THERE IS SOLEMN EXPOSITION AND AT BENEDICTION
(Sixtus V)
Feb. 13, 1586 147. VISIT TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES AND SEVEN PRIVILEGED ALTARS
Oct. 22, 1586 23. FOR ASSISTING AT OR SAYING THE DIVINE OFFICE ON CHRISTMAS DAY
July 11, 1587 16. INVOCATION OF THE MOST HOLY NAME
July 11, 1587 78. INVOCATION OF THE MOST HOLY NAME OF MARY
Dec. 1, 1587 160. BLESSED CROSSES, CRUCIFIXES, ROSARIES, MEDALS, ETC.
(Clement VIII)
Nov. 25, 1592 52. VISIT TO THE BLESSED SACRAMENT WHEN EXPOSED FOR THE FORTY HOURS' PRAYER
(Gregory XV)
July 4, 1622 148. FOR THE INDULGENCE COMMONLY CALLED "IL PERDONO," "THE PARDON."
(Blessed Innocent XI)
Sept. 1, 1681 96. THE HYMN "STABAT MATER."
Oct. 1, 1688 51. ACCOMPANYING THE BLESSED SACRAMENT TO THE SICK
(Innocent XIII)
June 5, 1721 161. CROSSES, CHAPLETS, AND ROSARIES OF THE HOLY LAND
(Benedict XIII)
Sept. 26, 1724 97. CHAPLET OF THE SEVEN DOLOURS
April 28, 1725 141. ALL INDULGENCES DURING THE HOLY YEAR OF THE JUBILEE, APPLICABLE IN SUFFRAGE FOR THE SOULS IN PURGATORY
April 13, 1726 71. ROSARY
Jan. 12, 1728 74. THE LITANIES
Jan. 15, 1728 8. ACTS OF FAITH, HOPE, AND CHARITY
Aug. 23, 1728 140. HEROIC ACT OF CHARITY, OR, OFFERING OF ALL WORKS OF SATISFACTION AND SUFFRAGE IN BEHALF OF THE SOULS IN PURGATORY
(Clement XII)
April 3, 1731 26. VISIT TO THE “VIA CRUCIS,” OR WAY OF THE CROSS
Feb. 4, 1736 98. ONE HOUR'S PRAYER IN THE YEAR
July 31, 1736 150. EXPLANATION OF THE GOSPEL. FOR ASSISTING AT THE SAME
Aug. 4, 1736 136. THE "DE PROFUNDIS" AT THE FIRST HOUR AFTER THE "AVE MARIA."
Dec. 2, 1738 123. DEVOTION OF THE THIRTEEN FRIDAYS
Dec. 11, 1739 124. THE SIX SUNDAYS AND HIS FEAST
(Benedict XIV)
Dec. 23, 1740 27. FIVE PATER NOSTER’S AND FIVE AVE MARIA’S ON FRIDAYS AT THREEE O’CLOCK, ETC.
April 1, 1743 117. VISIT TO THEIR CHURCHES ON THEIR FEAST AND ITS OCTAVE
April 6, 1745 139. THE HOUR OF PRAYER ON THE THREE LAST DAYS OF HOLY WEEK
Dec. 16, 1746 144. MENTAL PRAYER
Dec. 16, 1746 145. TEACHING AND LEARNING MENTAL PRAYER
(Clement XIII)
July 23, 1765 53. VISIT TO THE EXPOSITION OF THE BLESSED SACRAMENT DURING THE WEEKS FOLLOWING SEPTUAGESIMA SUNDAY TO ASH WEDNESDAY
(Clement XIV)
June 26, 1770 1. ANGELIC TRISAGION
(Pius VI)
May 21, 1776 57. EJACULATION, "BLESSED AND PRAISED,'' ETC.
Feb. 28, 1778 151. VISITS TO THE SICK IN THE HOSPITALS
July 28, 1778 118. PRAYER, "O BLESSED APOSTLES," WITH A PATER NOSTER, AVE MARIA, AND GLORIA PATRI
Jan. 19. 1782 119. RESPONSORIUM: "SI VIS PATRONUM."
May 15, 1784 2. SEVEN GLORIA PATRI'S, ETC., SAID BY THREE PERSONS CONJOINTLY
April 5, 1786 76. THE "SALVE REGINA," ETC., AND THE "SUB TUUM PRAESIDIUM," ETC
Nov. 7, 1787 60. PRAYER TO THE HOST HOLY SACRAMENT AND TO THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS
Nov. 7, 1787 69. THE PRAYER, "BEHOLD, MY MOST LOVING JESUS," ETC
Nov. 21, 1793 77. EJACULATION IN HONOUR OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION
Oct. 2, 1795 112. "ANGEL OF GOD," ETC.
May 26, 1796 14. THE HYMN, "VENI CREATOR SPIRITUS," AND THE SEQUENCE, "VENI SANCTE SPIRITUS."
Oct. 17, 1796 55. VISIT TO THE BLESSED SACRAMENT ON THURSDAYS, AND PRAYER "RESPICE, DOMINE,'' ETC.
Jan. 2, 1799 62. VISIT TO A REPRESENTATION OF THE SACRED HEART
(Pius VII)
Jan. 11, 1800 - Nov. 24, 1808 NOVENAS OF MOST HOLY MARY
104. FIRST NOVENA FOR THE FEAST OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION
105. SECOND NOVENA IN PREPARATION FOR THE FEAST OF OUR LADY’S NATIVITY
106. THIRD NOVENA IN PREPARATION FOR THE FEAST OF THE ANNUNCIATION
107. FOURTH NOVENA IN PREPARATION FOR THE FEAST OF THE PURIFICATION
108. FIFTH NOVENA IN PREPARATION FOR THE FEAST OF THE ASSUMPTION
109. VARIOUS OTHER NOVENAS
March 7, 1801 63. "PATER NOSTER" "AVE MARIA," "CREDO," WITH THE EJACULATION, "SWEET HEART OF MY JESUS."
March 7, 1801 82. EJACULATION, "SWEET HEART"
July 23, 1801 9. PRAISES TO THE HOLY NAME OF GOD
August 14,1801 121. THE HYMN "BELLI TUMULTUS," ETC. (ST PIUS V)
March 6, 1802 125. PRAYER, "O BLESSED ALOYSIUS," ETC., WITH ONE "PATER" AND ONE "AVE."
May 12, 1802 131. PRAYER "LORD JESUS,” ETC.
Sept. 23, 1802 116. THE PRAYER "VIRGINUM CUSTOS," TO BE SAID BY PRIESTS
Sept. 6, 1804 114. RESPONSORIUM: "QUICUMQUE," ETC.
April 2, 1805 64. OTHER DEVOTIONS
Jan. 23, 1806 120. THE RESPONSORIUM: "PRESSI MALORUM," ETC.
Sept. 16, 1806 152. FOR THE PIOUS HOUSE OF THE REFUGE
April 28, 1807 19. THREE EJACULATIONS: JESU, ETC.
June 9, 1807 65. OFFERING
Aug. 18, 1807 81. PRAYER TO THE IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY
Sept. 29, 1807 31. PRAYERS TO THE MOST HOLY WOUNDS
Feb. 12, 1808 66. PRAYERS, WITH THREE "PATER NOSTER'S," ETC.
Feb. 16, 1808 72. THE ROSARY HOUR
June 21, 1808 84. PRAYERS FOR EVERY DAY OF THE WEEK, WITH THREE "AVE MARIA'S" ETC.
April 18, 1809 129. THREE “ PATER NOSTER’S,” IN MEMORY OF THE AGONY OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST, AND THREE “AVE MARIA’S,” IN MEMORY OF THE DOLOURS OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
May 31, 1809 35. CHAPLET
March 15, 1809 68. FATHER BORGO'S NOVENA
June 26, 1809 113. THE FIVE PSALMS IN HONOUR OF HIS SACRED NAME
August 26, 1814 28. DEVOTION IN MEMORY OF THE AGONY OF JESUS
Aug. 26, 1814 58. ACTS OF ADORATION, WITH FIVE "PATER NOSTER'S," FIVE "AVE MARIA'S," AND FIVE "GLORIA PATRI'S," ETC.
Jan. 10, 1815 89. PRAYER TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN AND TO ST. ANNE
Jan. 14, 1815 99. EXERCISE IN HONOUR OF HER SORROWFUL HEART
Jan. 20, 1815 59. REPARATION AND EJACULATIONS
Feb. 14, 1815 30. THE THREE HOURS' AGONY ON GOOD FRIDAY AND ANY OTHER FRIDAY
Feb. 14, 1815 45. THE "HOUR SANCTIFIED" ON HOLY THURSDAY, ON CORPUS CHRISTI, AND ANY OTHER THURSDAY
Feb. 25, 1815 102. THE HOUR OR HALF-HOUR OF PRAYER ON GOOD FRIDAY AND OTHER FRIDAYS
March 7, 1815 54. VISIT TO THE HOLY SACRAMENT ON HOLY THURSDAY AND GOOD FRIDAY
March 20, 1815 67. LITTLE CHAPLET AND PRAYERS
March 21, 1815 90. MONTH OF MAY
April 28, 1815 4. MASS, AND THANKSGIVING PRAYERS, ETC.
May 19, 1815 133. EJACULATION OF RESIGNATION TO THE WILL OF GOD
June 13, 1815 17. HYMNS AND PSALMS IN HONOUR OF HIS MOST HOLY NAME
June 13, 1815 79. PSALMS IN HONOUR OF HER MOST HOLY NAME
June 13, 1815 153. ALMSGIVING IN HONOUR OF JESUS, MARY AND JOSEPH
July 7, 1815 61. THE FEAST
July 11, 1815 3. THREE GLORIA PATRI’S IN THANKSGIVING, ETC.
August 12, 1815 21. NOVENA PREPARATORY TO CHRISTMAS
Oct. 18, 1815 37. PRAYER. DEVOUT ASPIRATIONS
Nov. 14, 1815 80. THE FORTY "AVE MARIA'S" IN HONOUR OF HER SACRED DELIVERY
Dec. 1, 1815 100. SEVEN "AVE MARIA'S" AND SEVEN "SANCTA MATER'S" ETC.
Dec. 9, I815 101. PIOUS PRACTICE ON THE LAST DAYS OF THE CARNIVAL
March 2, 1816 132. PRAYERS, ETC. FOR DELIVERANCE FROM UNPREPARED DEATH
April 6, 1816 29. DEVOTION FOR THE SEVEN FRIDAYS IN LENT AND THROUGHOUT THE YEAR
Jan. 10, 1817 159. SPIRITUAL CANTICLES
Feb,. 7, 1817 137. FIVE PATER'S AND AVE'S, WITH THE V. TE ERGO, ETC.
March 22, 1817 38. EJACULATION OR OFFERING
May 6, 1817 110. THE HYMN “ TE SPLENDOR,” ETC.
Sept. 22, 1817 36. SEVEN OFFERINGS, WITH SEVEN "GLORIA PATRI'S."
August 11, 1818 10. CHAPLET OF ACTS OF THE LOVE OF GOD, ETC.
Aug. 25, 1818 56. THE HYMN "PANGE LINGUA" AND "TANTUM ERGO."
Dec. 9, 1819 115. SEVEN DOLOURS AND SEVEN JOYS
Aug. 25, 1820 33. THE PRAYER, "DEUS QUI PRO REDEMPTIONE", ETC., WITH FIVE "PATER NOSTER'S" "AVE MARIA'S" AND "GLORIA PATRI'S."
April 3, 1821 126. ST. STANISLAS KOSTKA
April 10, 1821 34. PRAYER, "EN EGO," ETC., BEFORE A CRUCIFIX
May 15, 1821 85. PRAYER, "MOTHER OF GOD," ETC., WITH THE "SALVE REGINA" THREE TIMES, ETC.
July 19, 1822 5. OTHER THANKSGIVING-PRAYERS
(Leo XII)
Oct. 21, 1823 6. THREE OFFERINGS, WITH THREE PATER NOSTER'S, ETC.
Oct. 21, 1823 87. THREE PRAYERS WITH THREE "AVE MARIA'S"
Dec. 20, 1823 32. CHAPLET OF THE FIVE WOUNDS
Aug. 11, 1824 86. PRAYER, "VIRGIN MOST HOLY," WITH THREE "AVE MARIA'S"
Oct. 25, 1825 39. ANOTHER OFFERING, WITH ONE "PATER NOSTER," "AVE MARIA," AND '' GLORIA PATRI."
Nov, 18, 1826 138. PRAYERS FOR THE WHOLE WEEK
March 3, 1827 11. PRAYERS AND PETITIONS
July 9, 1828 12. PRAYER -“PIETATE TUA.”
(Gregory XVI)
Jan. 27 1832 174. LIVING ROSARY
Dec. 22, 1832 122. Prayer in honour of St. Nicholas of Bari
Aug. 21, 1837 154. TIMES OF CALAMITY
Jan. 8, 1838 88. CHAPLET OF TWELVE STARS
July 5, 1843 40. SHORT CHAPLET OF THE PRECIOUS BLOOD
(Blessed Pius IX)
July 25, 1846 92. THE PRAYER, "MEMORARE," ETC.
Sept. 23, 1846 22. ANOTHER NOVENA IN PREPARATION FOR THE TWENTY-FIFTH DAY OF EVERY MONTH
Sept. 23, 1846 91. PRAYER, "AVE AUGUSTISSIMA," TO OUR LADY FOR PEACE
Dec. 11, 1846 47. PRAYER TO BE SAID BY PRIESTS AFTER MASS
August 8, 1847 7. TRIDUO, OR NOVENA, ETC.
May 24, 1847 163. PRAYER OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER FOR THE CONVERSION OF THE INFIDELS, “AETERNE RERUM OMNIUM,” ETC.
Dec. 23, 1847 103. SHORT PRAYER TO THE MOST HOLY VIRGIN IN HER DESOLATION
April 6, 1848 155. FOR TROUBLED TIMES
May 18,1848 158. TO IMPLORE PEACE
Nov. 8, 1849 156. ANOTHER PRAYER IN ANY PLAGUE OR TROUBLE
Feb. 2, 1850 130. PRAYER "O CLEMENTISSIME JESU," ETC.
June 4, 1850 41. DEVOTION OF THE MONTH CONSECRATED TO THE BLOOD OF JESUS CHRIST
June 4, 1850 42. FEAST OF THE MOST PRECIOUS BLOOD
June 18, 1851 43. THREE OFFERINGS OF THE PRECIOUS BLOOD
Aug. 5, 1851 93. PRAYER, "O DOMINA MEA!"
August 8, 1851 111. ANGELICAL CROWN IN HONOUR OF ST. MICHAEL THE ARCHANGEL
Aug. 11, 1851 20. ANOTHER EJACULATION
Sept. 7, 1851 172. PRAYERS FOR A VISIT TO THE MOST HOLY SACRAMENT OR TO MOST HOLY MARY (FROM ST. ALPHONSO DE’ LIQUORI)
May 17, 1852 127. PRAYERS FOR EVERY DAY IN THE WEEK
Sept. 30, 1852 83. EJACULATION, "SWEET HEART OF MARY," ETC.
August 8, 1853 128. ST. CAMILLUS OF LELLIS
Jan. 9, 1854 48. THE ANIMA CHRISTI, OR INVOCATIONS TO BE SAID AFTER MASS OR COMMUNION, OR ANY OTHER TIME
March 27, 1854 13. PRAYER FOR CONFESSORS
May 7, 1854 166. EJACULATION, "JESUS, DEUS MEUS,” ETC., “JESUS, MY GOD,” ETC.
May 19, 1854 94. PRAYER, "O BEATA VIRGO," ETC.
August 5, 1854 157. PRAYER TO OBTAIN A GRACE AND THE MERCY OF GOD IN EVERY NECESSITY, PLAGUE, AND TROUBLE
Dec. 11, 1854 95. LITTLE CHAPLET IN HONOUR OF THE IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY
June 12, 1855 179. THE MONTH OF MARCH, DEDICATED TO ST. JOSEPH
June 22, 1855 175. LITTLE CHAPLET IN HONOUR OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF MARY EVER-VIRGIN
Jan. 20, 1856 180. PIOUS EXERCISE OF THE PERPETUAL CULTUS IN HONOUR OF ST. JOSEPH
Dec. 9, 1856 170. VISIT TO THE TWO STAIRS PLACED RESIDE THE SCALA SANTA OR HOLY STAIRCASE
Dec. 9, 1856 176. PSALMS AND PRAYERS OF ST. BONAVENTURE IN HONOUR OF THE MOST HOLY VIRGIN, FOR EVERY DAY IN THE WEEK
March 12, 1857 15. SEVEN GLORIA PATRI’S
April 3, 1857 178. THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER; OR CONSIDERATIONS AND DEVOUT AFFECTIONS UPON THE DOLOURS OF MOST HOLY MARY
May 15, 1857 184. THREE “ PATERS” ETC. BEFORE HIS TOMB
July 11, 1587 16. INVOCATION OF THE MOST HOLY NAME
May 24, 1859 171. PRAYER OF ST. PIUS V., “O MY LORD JESUS CHRIST CRUCIFIED,” ETC.
Sep. 30, 1859 164. OFFERINGS TO HE MADE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE DAY, AND AT THE TIME OF THE HOLY MASS
Oct. 14, 1859 167. THE PRAYER, “O JESU, VIVENS IN MARIA,” ETC.
March 11, 185? 187. PRAYER, “O MARY, CONCEIVED WITHOUT STAIN,” ETC.
June 26, 1860 177. LITTLE CHAPLET OF THE TWELVE PRIVILEGES OF THE MOST BLESSED VIRGIN MARY, COMPOSED BY ST. ANDREW AVELLINO
August 14, 1860 168. PRAYER TO THE MOST HOLY NAME OF JESUS, O BONE JESU.”
Oct. 1, 1861 169. PRAYER BEFORE THE HOLY CRIB, WHICH IS VENERATED IN THE LIBERIAN BASILICA (ST. MARY MAJOR), “I ADORE THEE, O WORD INCARNATE,” ETC.
Jan. 27, 1863 181. EJACULATION IN HONOUR OF ST. JOSEPH
Feb. 3, 1863 182. PRAYER TO ST. JOSEPH, “O GLORIOUS ST. JOSEPH, FATHER AND PROTECTOR,” ETC.
June 26, 1863 183. ANOTHER PRAYER TO ST. JOSEPH, "REMEMBER, MOST PURE HUSBAND OF MARY."
July 28, 1863 162. INVOCATION OF THE THREE HOLY NAMES (TRISAGIO) IN THE ACT OF MAKING THE SIGN OF THE HOLY CROSS
=======================================================
이상, Source 1에 있는 기도문들에 대한 날짜별로 정돈한 자료 끝.
결론적으로 말씀드려,
1. 1520년 7월경에 파문당한 이후부터 시작된 "연옥이 없다"는 마르틴 루터의 억지 주장, 그리고 자신의 억지 주장을 정당화 하기 위하여 그 이후 그가 취한 사기 수준의 기만술에 넘어가지 않기 위하여서라도, 우리는 가톨릭 교회의 문헌들을 비교 검토하면서 심도있게 공부하지 않을 수 없을 것입니다.
2. 그리스트교 (기독교 = 가톨릭)의 계시진리인 구원과 관련하여, 가톨릭 신앙의 핵심인 연옥 (혹은 연옥교회)의 존재를 부정하기 위하여, 당시의 절대 다수의 무지한 대중들에게 (주: 이글의 마지막에 있는 부록참조)
(1) 구약성경의 제 2경전을 버리고 또
(2) 가톨릭 교회의 전통적 기도문들을 모두 버릴 것을
직,간접적으로 강요한 마르틴 루터의 신앙적 잘못은, 그 이후 500여년의 긴 동안에 개신교측의 목회자들에 의하여 새로운 구원관을 찾기 위하여 노력하는 과정에서 수많은 개신교 분파를 낳게 되었는데, 20세기 말 경에 갑자기 현실로 우리들에게 다가온 시,공간을 초월하여 누구나 접근 가능한 인터넷 공간의 도래로 인하여, 이제는 아무도 더 이상 마르틴 루터의 이러한 신앙적 잘못을 감추거나 또 숨겨 둘 수는 없을 것입니다.
주: 바로 이런 점 때문에, (지난 2000년 대희년 이후로) 인터넷 선교 (혹은 인터넷 복음화)가 절대적으로 필요하다는 생각을 하고 있습니다.
3. 전통적 가톨릭 기도문을 지극정성으로 외우는 열심신자들 모두에게 교황님께서 베풀어 주시는 대사 특은에 대하여, 우리 모두 가톨릭 교회의 수장이신 역대교황님들께 깊이 감사드려야 할 것입니다.
P.S. 이번 여름이 끝나기 전에 이 글을 최종적으로 마무리할 생각입니다.
부록 (Appendix)
사실, 종이가 유럽에 전달되어 널리 보급될 때까지 유럽지역 대부분의 가톨릭 평신자들이 성경을 접하는 것은 현실적으로 매우 어려운 일이었을 것입니다.
주: 종이(Paper)의 역사에 관하여서는 다음의 사이트 내용을 참고하기시 바랍니다.
http://www.kyesung.co.kr/korean/paper/history12.htm (클릭하세요)
http://www.printwill.com/Info/PaperInfo1.asp (클릭하세요)
http://www.paperonline.org/history/history_frame.html (영문) (클릭하세요)
그리고 마르틴 루터가 본격적으로 종교분리 획책을 시작한 1520년 전후까지는 산업혁명이 아직은 유럽의 대부분의 지역에 시작되지 않았기에, 귀족과 사제들과 같은 사회지도층을 제외하고는 대다수의 평민이 제대로 된 교육을 받는다는 것은 참으로 어려웠을 것입니다. 즉, 당시의 절대 다수의 평신자들은 교육부재로 인하여 성경을 제대로 읽고 그 내용을 바르게 이해할 수 없었다는 말입니다.
주: 여기서 교육(Education)이라 함은, 교회 라틴어 (Church Latin)를 배워 성경을 읽을 수 있고 또 성경 내용을 이해할 수 있도록 가톨릭 교회의 전승을 배우는 것을 말합니다.
그리고 1450년에 독일의 구텐베르크에 의한 금속활자 인쇄술 발명이 없었더라면, (라틴어 혹은 자국어) 성경의 대중적 보급 또한 현실적으로 불가능하였을 것입니다.
다른 한가지 특이한 사실로서, 수학에서 사용하는, 1, 2, 3 등의 숫자 표기법 및 +, -, x, ÷ , = 등의 연산자 및 기호 또한 14 - 15 세기에 와서야 비로소 점차로 사용되기 시작하였는데, 이 점 또한 종이와 금속활자 인쇄술의 보급과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 알고 있습니다.
따라서, 유럽지역의 16세기 초까지의 이러한 시대적 배경을 무시하고, 일부 개신교측에서 "중세 가톨릭 교회가 성경의 보급을 가로 막았다"고 무작정 비난하는 것은, 정말로 무지의 소치가 아닐 수 없을 것입니다.
더 나아가, 히브리어 고어 혹은 그리이스 고어 등의 고어로 기록된 글들은 띄어쓰기가 없었으므로, 설사 이들 고어로 쓰여진 성경을 읽을 줄 안다고 하더라도, 어디서 끊어 읽어야 할지를 몰라, 그 내용을 바르게 이해하는 것이 매우 힘들었을 것입니다.
즉, "불립문자"이란 말입니다. 달리 말하여, 문자는 전승을 잘 해 나가기 위한 보조적인 수단이라는 말입니다.
사실, 라틴어 성경에 장과 절이 구분된 것은 가톨릭 사제가 한 작업이었고 또 성경 구절에 번호를 붙인 것은 한 인쇄공이 한 작업이었다고 알려져 있습니다.
따라서, 이러한 장과 절의 구분이 없는 성경을 읽고 그 내용을 바르게 이해한다는 것은, 제대로 된 교육을 받지 않은 16세기 초까지의 대부분의 유럽인들에게는 불가능한 일이 아닐 수 없었을 것입니다.
또 이런 점은, 바티칸 도서관에 소장되어 있는 오래된 자료들이, 그리스트교 신앙적으로 뿐만이 아니라, 인류 문화사적으로도 매우 소중한 자료들임을 뜻하기도 할 것입니다.
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주: 다음의 글은 1669년에 바티칸 교황성에 대사성(Congregation of Indulgences)이 설치되었고, 1904년에 대사성은 Congregation of Rites와 합쳐졌음을 언급하고 있습니다. 그리고, "The Raccolta"의 발행에 대하여서도 언급하고 있습니다. 참고하시기 바랍니다.
After the Council of Trent the most important measure taken to prevent such frauds was the establishment of the Congregation of Indulgences. A special commission of cardinals served under Clement VIII and Paul V, regulating all matters pertaining to indulgences. The Congregation of Indulgences was definitively established by Clement IX in 1669 and reorganized by Clement XI in 1710. It has rendered efficient service by deciding various questions relative to the granting of indulgences and by its publications. The "Raccolta" (q.v.) was first issued by one of its consultors, Telesforo Galli, in 1807; the last three editions 1877, 1886, and 1898 were published by the Congregation. The other official publication is the "Decreta authentica", containing the decisions of the Congregation from 1668 to 1882. This was published in 1883 by order of Leo XIII. See also "Rescripta authentica" by Joseph Schneider (Ratisbon, 1885). By a Motu Proprio of Pius X, dated 28 January, 1904, the Congregation of Indulgences was united to the Congregation of Rites, without any diminution, however, of its prerogatives.
출처: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07783a.htm (클릭하세요)
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주: 그리 어렵지 않게 한대사 혹은 전대사 특은을 받을 수 있는 사례들은 다음 사이트에 설명되어 있습니다. 쉬운 영어이니 꼭 읽어 보시기 바랍니다.
http://www.ourladyswarriors.org/indulge/plenary.htm (클릭하세요)
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주: 1968년에 공지된 가톨릭 기도문에 부여된 한대사 혹은 전대사에 관한 내용은 다음의 사이트에 있습니다.
http://www.ourladyswarriors.org/indulge/index.html (클릭하세요)
http://www.ewtn.com/library/Liturgy/INDULGEN.HTM 에서 언급하고 있습니다만, 위에서 년도를 언급하면서 말씀드린 The Raccolta 의 내용을, 1968년 경에 와서 요약한 내용입니다.
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주: 다음은 CWN (Catholic World News)에 보도된 내용으로서, 최근에 들어와 선종하신 요한 바오로 2세 교황님 및 베네딕토 16세 교황님께서는, 대사에 관한 교황권에 대한 일반 대중들의 관심을 회복하기 위하여 많은 노력을 하고 계심을 언급하고 있습니다.
http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=40979
이 뉴스 보도 내용과 관련하여, 다음의 교황청 관보 (우리말) 를 참고하시기 바랍니다.
http://pds.catholic.or.kr/attbox/bbs/attboard/read.asp?maingroup=2&table=gnattboard&gubun=100&seq=1&group_id=1&sub_id=6&id=83
다음의 보도 내용도 읽어 보시기 바랍니다.
http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=42229
또 성체의 해에 주어졌던 전대사 특은에 관한 내용은 다음에 있습니다.
http://www.consecration.com/indulgences.html
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http://www.hismercy.ca/content/ebooks/The.Enchiridion.of.Indulgences.pdf
http://www.2heartsnetwork.org/The.Enchiridion.of.Indulgences.pdf
http://www.integrity.com/homes/mgross/indulg.html
http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:VQD0eFtGgmsJ:www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm%3Frecnum%3D6623+%22Enchiridion+of+Indulgences+%22&hl=ko&gl=kr&ct=clnk&cd=8
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/indexebk.htm
http://www.catholic-pages.com/dir/indulgences.asp
